It would have made the perfect cover to survive the Hoth snowstorm. So why didn’t Luke stay in the Wampa cave?
Luke didn’t stay in the Wampa cave because he’d have to fight the Wampa. He cuts off the Wampa’s arm and uses the moment of confusion to run from the cave.
Although Luke could have obviously defeated the Wampa, he decides to avoid a fight and runs. It would have made sense to defeat the Wampa and stay in the cave for the night, but Luke seemingly did not want to risk a full-scale battle with the creature.
Luke is brought to the Wampa cave, decides not to stay
In Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back, Luke sets off into the frozen Hoth landscape to investigate a “fallen meteorite.” While doing so, he’s attacked by a dangerous Wampa. The creature drags the unconscious Luke back to his cave.
Luke comes to consciousness while suspended upside down. The Wampa has frozen Luke’s legs to the ceiling of the cave, presumably in an effort to preserve him for a later meal. Luke sees the Wampa munching on some prey a few feet away.
He tries to break his legs out from the ceiling, but they are frozen in place. Luke’s lightsaber sits within a piece of snow, just out of arm’s reach. As Luke attempts to use The Force to pull in his lightsaber, the Wampa notices the movement and approaches.
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Just in the nick of time, Luke pulls in his lightsaber and breaks himself free from the ice. In an act of defense, he swings his saber at the charging Wampa, cutting the creature’s arm clean off at the shoulder.
Taking advantage of the Wampa’s confusion, Luke runs as fast as he can out of the cave. He quickly becomes lost in a dense snowstorm, collapsing from exhaustion and hypothermia. Han is able to track Luke down and protect him until a rescue team can arrive.
Han is able to survive Hoth by building a shelter for himself. In the meantime, he opens his Tauntaun and places Luke’s shivering body inside.
So that’s the answer. Luke didn’t stay in the Wampa cave because he didn’t want to fight the Wampa. He cuts the Wampa’s arm and uses the moment as an opportunity to run away.